The following image shows the default path that the task chooses:

Based on the default path selection, the task traverses to the Case object directly, and then traverses to the Contact object.

If you apply filter with Account Name equals to Bank of New York, the task marks the default minimal path Account -> Case to traverse through the complete graph. The task selects the Bank of New York account from the Account object and then marks the corresponding two records in the Case object based on the AccountID. The task traverses to the Contact object and selects the corresponding records based on ContactID. To maintain referential integrity, the task selects the additional account Accenture from the Account object.