Uppercase letters indicate keywords (for example, INSERT). Keywords must be spelled exactly as presented, but are not case-sensitive, except where noted.

Italicized words represent variables or arguments (for example,

table-name.column-name

) for which the user must substitute database object names or data values. In usage, these are only case-sensitive where specifically indicated.

Non-italicized words or phrases between angle brackets (

< >

) indicate that the syntax for this element is expanded in a subsequent diagram labeled with the same word or phrase. When uppercase keywords are followed by the word “statement” (for example, <SELECT statement>), the syntax element is another SQL command statement entirely, and should be replaced by the appropriate syntax diagram.

Partial diagrams are labeled with a word or phrase in the upper-left corner. These named diagrams should be substituted for the word or phrase wherever it is referenced in another syntax diagram.

Parentheses

( )

appearing within the statement syntax are part of the syntax, and must be typed as shown. Punctuation marks such as commas (

,

) and colons (

:

) must be entered literally wherever they appear in syntax diagrams. Mathematical symbols, such as plus signs (

+

) and multiplication operators (

*

), must also be entered literally.

Underlined items indicate a default option. For example, if the options for SELECT are ALL and DISTINCT, SELECT by itself is the equivalent of SELECT ALL.