Conditional execution components are useful when, for example, you have segmented data.
Suppose a table has several distinct groups of data (such as customers and prospects). You could create a column that indicated the group of which the record is a member. Each group is called a segment. In this example, customers might have C in this column, while prospects would have P. You could use a conditional execution component to cleanse the data differently for each segment. If the conditional value does not meet any of the conditions you specify, then the default case will be executed.